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Figure 3: Koster apparatus for direct donor-to-patient transfusion. Blood Transfusion Techniques — Medical Qualifications The 1929 book contains chapters on the history, the indications and the methods for transfusion and gives a marvelous picture of the armamentarium of the transfu-sionist of 60 years ago. Florence Seibert had not yet done her work on bacterial pyrogens, and the sterile citrate solutions of 1923 produced high posttransfusion fevers. As a result, direct transfusion from vein to vein by syringe pump and stopcock was still a preferred method. In a description of the choices for the direct transfusion apparatus, Snyder pictures the Koster apparatus (figure 3) which, he says, "1 have used and found satisfactory."^ When Snyder sent me his book and I read those lines I questioned the propriety of a young zoology student with no formal medical training performing transfusion, even if he was from Harvard and it was only 1925 in then rural North Carolina. Snyder's reply in correspondence dated September 1981 was as follows: "In preparing for the writing of the book, I realized that some discussion of transfusion would have to be included. Therefore I asked my physician friends to let me watch transfusions and to learn all I could about them. They kindly let me watch, and even to assist on occasion. But I never did any transfusions by myself. They were all under the strict supervision of physicians, who did the actual work." In William McLendon's writings on medical practice and medical education in North Carolina, he tells us that many North Carolina physicians before the War Between the States received their education by apprenticing or "reading Medicine" under the tutelage of some practicing April 1986. NCMJ physician.'" But evidently that was still true a hundred years later. There were a number of pioneers among Snyder's physician friends. In our continuing correspondence Snyder wrote in June 1984 of what he called a "vignette of trivia"; "When I first reached Raleigh, N.C. in 1923, I was helped in my work by various physicians, to whom I will always be grateful. ... I noted that there were in active practice a number of physicians, highly respected and capable doctors, who had earned their professional standing and their right to practice by apprenticeship, but who themselves had not actual M.D. degrees." Medical Genetics and the Educational Triangle In 1926, during his tenure at North Carolina State, Snyder completed the degree of Doctor of Science from Harvard University. Four years later, he was invited to Ohio State University. There he became the first Professor of Medical Genetics in the United States and taught the first required course in medical genetics at any medical school in the country. His landmark book. The Principles of Heredity, was published in 1935 and went into five editions over the next 20 years. A quarter of a million copies were sold. Everybody in several generations learned genetics from Synder. In 1940 at the request of the Dean of the Duke University Medical School, the Carnegie Corporation supplied funds for Snyder to return to North Carolina as a visiting lecturer in medical genetics. The grant provided for the presentation of 15 weeks of lectures, not only at Duke where he was headquartered, but also at the medical schools of Wake Forest and the University of North Carolina. While he was in Durham, the planning for the forthcoming move of Wake Forest Medical School to the Bowman Gray School of Medicine was already under way. The prospective dean of the new school asked him for suggestions and Snyder recommended the establishment of a Department of Medical Genetics as an innovative step. That was accepted and Snyder's friend from his first post in Raleigh, William Allan, was appointed Chairman of the first such department in the country. Upon completion of the Carnegie lectures, the series was published in 1941 by the Duke University Press as a well-illustrated book, one of the best early texts in the field." Rh Nomenclature Later, when Snyder was Dean of the Graduate College at the University of Oklahoma, Surgeon General Thomas Parran of the United States Public Health Service appointed him chairman of an advisory review board to recommend the names for the various anti-Rh sera the Public Health Service was about to license. The other members of the Board were W.B. Castle of Harvard (a son of the Castle with whom Snyder had taken his doctorate) and Max N. Wintrobe of Salt Lake City. There were two different systems of Rh nomenclature, one proposed by A.S. Wiener in the United States and the other by R.A. Fisher and R.R. Race in Great Britain. Each had developed violent proponents. The scientific literature was divided and there was considerable confusion for the readers. The review board was charged with rec- 207
Object Description
Rating | |
Fixed Title * | NCHH-17: North Carolina Medical Journal [1940-Present] |
Document Title | North Carolina Medical Journal [1940-Present] |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- Periodicals.; Physicians -- North Carolina -- Directory.; Societies, Medical -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Description | Includes Transactions of the Society, -1960; 1961- , Transactions issued separately, bound in.; Includes Transactions of the auxiliary to the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina and Proceedings of the North Carolina Public Health Association. Official organ of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina, 1940-May 1972; of the North Carolina Medical Society, June 1972-. Vols. for 1940-May 1972 published by the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina; June 1972- by the North Carolina Medical Society. |
Contributor | Medical Society of the State of North Carolina. Transactions.; Medical Society of the State of North Carolina.; North Carolina Medical Society.; North Carolina Medical Society. Transactions.; North Carolina Public Health Association. Proceedings. |
Publisher | [Winston-Salem] : North Carolina Medical Society [etc.], 1940- |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1986 |
Identifier | NCHH-17-047 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 47 |
Health Discipline | Medicine |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-17/nchh-17-047.pdf |
Document Sort | all; nchh-17 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-17-047 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-17 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb1306322 |
Revision History | done |
Description
Fixed Title * | Page 207 (image) |
Document Title | North Carolina Medical Journal [1940-Present] |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- Periodicals.; Physicians -- North Carolina -- Directory.; Societies, Medical -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Description | Includes Transactions of the Society, -1960; 1961- , Transactions issued separately, bound in.; Includes Transactions of the auxiliary to the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina and Proceedings of the North Carolina Public Health Association. Official organ of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina, 1940-May 1972; of the North Carolina Medical Society, June 1972-. Vols. for 1940-May 1972 published by the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina; June 1972- by the North Carolina Medical Society. |
Contributor | Medical Society of the State of North Carolina. Transactions.; Medical Society of the State of North Carolina.; North Carolina Medical Society.; North Carolina Medical Society. Transactions.; North Carolina Public Health Association. Proceedings. |
Publisher | [Winston-Salem] : North Carolina Medical Society [etc.], 1940- |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1986 |
Identifier | NCHH-17-047-0253 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Page Type | all; all images; diagram; article |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Filename | ncmed471986medi1_0253.jp2 |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 47 |
Issue Number | 4 |
Page Number | 207 |
Health Discipline | Medicine |
Full Text | Figure 3: Koster apparatus for direct donor-to-patient transfusion. Blood Transfusion Techniques — Medical Qualifications The 1929 book contains chapters on the history, the indications and the methods for transfusion and gives a marvelous picture of the armamentarium of the transfu-sionist of 60 years ago. Florence Seibert had not yet done her work on bacterial pyrogens, and the sterile citrate solutions of 1923 produced high posttransfusion fevers. As a result, direct transfusion from vein to vein by syringe pump and stopcock was still a preferred method. In a description of the choices for the direct transfusion apparatus, Snyder pictures the Koster apparatus (figure 3) which, he says, "1 have used and found satisfactory."^ When Snyder sent me his book and I read those lines I questioned the propriety of a young zoology student with no formal medical training performing transfusion, even if he was from Harvard and it was only 1925 in then rural North Carolina. Snyder's reply in correspondence dated September 1981 was as follows: "In preparing for the writing of the book, I realized that some discussion of transfusion would have to be included. Therefore I asked my physician friends to let me watch transfusions and to learn all I could about them. They kindly let me watch, and even to assist on occasion. But I never did any transfusions by myself. They were all under the strict supervision of physicians, who did the actual work." In William McLendon's writings on medical practice and medical education in North Carolina, he tells us that many North Carolina physicians before the War Between the States received their education by apprenticing or "reading Medicine" under the tutelage of some practicing April 1986. NCMJ physician.'" But evidently that was still true a hundred years later. There were a number of pioneers among Snyder's physician friends. In our continuing correspondence Snyder wrote in June 1984 of what he called a "vignette of trivia"; "When I first reached Raleigh, N.C. in 1923, I was helped in my work by various physicians, to whom I will always be grateful. ... I noted that there were in active practice a number of physicians, highly respected and capable doctors, who had earned their professional standing and their right to practice by apprenticeship, but who themselves had not actual M.D. degrees." Medical Genetics and the Educational Triangle In 1926, during his tenure at North Carolina State, Snyder completed the degree of Doctor of Science from Harvard University. Four years later, he was invited to Ohio State University. There he became the first Professor of Medical Genetics in the United States and taught the first required course in medical genetics at any medical school in the country. His landmark book. The Principles of Heredity, was published in 1935 and went into five editions over the next 20 years. A quarter of a million copies were sold. Everybody in several generations learned genetics from Synder. In 1940 at the request of the Dean of the Duke University Medical School, the Carnegie Corporation supplied funds for Snyder to return to North Carolina as a visiting lecturer in medical genetics. The grant provided for the presentation of 15 weeks of lectures, not only at Duke where he was headquartered, but also at the medical schools of Wake Forest and the University of North Carolina. While he was in Durham, the planning for the forthcoming move of Wake Forest Medical School to the Bowman Gray School of Medicine was already under way. The prospective dean of the new school asked him for suggestions and Snyder recommended the establishment of a Department of Medical Genetics as an innovative step. That was accepted and Snyder's friend from his first post in Raleigh, William Allan, was appointed Chairman of the first such department in the country. Upon completion of the Carnegie lectures, the series was published in 1941 by the Duke University Press as a well-illustrated book, one of the best early texts in the field." Rh Nomenclature Later, when Snyder was Dean of the Graduate College at the University of Oklahoma, Surgeon General Thomas Parran of the United States Public Health Service appointed him chairman of an advisory review board to recommend the names for the various anti-Rh sera the Public Health Service was about to license. The other members of the Board were W.B. Castle of Harvard (a son of the Castle with whom Snyder had taken his doctorate) and Max N. Wintrobe of Salt Lake City. There were two different systems of Rh nomenclature, one proposed by A.S. Wiener in the United States and the other by R.A. Fisher and R.R. Race in Great Britain. Each had developed violent proponents. The scientific literature was divided and there was considerable confusion for the readers. The review board was charged with rec- 207 |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-17/nchh-17-047.pdf |
Document Sort | all; nchh-17 |
Article Title | Early Blood Grouping And Transfusion In North Carolina: Contributions Of Laurence H. Snyder |
Article Author | Paul J. Schmidt |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-17-047 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-17 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb1306322 |
Revision History | done |
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