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103 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. the typhoid fever—its causes. Typhoid fever is essentially a filth disease, the germ of which is known as the bacillus typhosus, a motile, water-borne bacterium, which once introduced into water, or railk,or moist filth reproduces itself with fearful rapidity by fission or splitting in half. The media of transmission of this germ are in the order of their importance water, milk, insects (flies) and air(?j While many high authorities, cliiefly English, believe in the aerial transmission, the weight of opinion is against it. But all agree that in an inimense majority of cases it is conveyed by contaminated water, or milk infected by such water used in adulterating it, or in washing the cans or the udder of the cow, or by the hands of a not over cleanly milker, who either has a "walking" case of the disease himself, or has infected his hands in nursing a case. Bearing these principles in mind, I made a personal inspection of the premises, but found nothing that had not already been discovered by the indefatigable President and his assistants, I will give my observations in the inverse order of their importance. the grounds. Nothing was found that in any way, in my judgment, could have been in the least instrumental in causing typhoid fever. The dairy, cow-barn, horse-stables, and pig-pens were all in good condition. The last named was too far away to have had any eflfect, even if its condition had been bad. the sewerage and plumbing. When the first dormitory (brick) was built in 1892, a sewer-pipe was laid, with which was connected one water-closet, which was kept locked and used only in case of sickness, the bath-tubs, the waste-pipe from the kitchen sink and five down-spouts from the roof. In 1895 a new system of sewers was put in and the old sewer abandoned, as was supposed, except as a drainage pipe for the roof water; but it turns ont that the plumbers, when making a connection for the sink of the new kitchen, made it with this, thinking it was the new sewer, which was of the same size—eight inches. When taken up (as has been done, the trench being disin-fecte.d) this old sewer, wliile very offensive to the nose from the decaying animal and vegetable matter from the kitchen sink, like the old-fashioned dunghill at the back window of many a country kitchen, was said to have been tight and well scoured. It showed, however, one defect which should be mentioned in this discussion, namely, a small opening at the top, due to a bad joint, in the space under the butler's pantry adjacent to the butter-room. The new sewers, as far as examined, were in good condition, except the stoppage of one near the President's house, about 100 yards below the Teague house, by the roots of a tree—an accident which is said to be practically unavoidable. This had been remedied at the time of my visit. the plumbing. « While mended plaster and stains on the wall under lavatories, and bath tubs in some instances indicated defective work at first, these defects had been remedied, and I should say that the interior plumbing was good. I regret to say that the same cannot be said of all the external plumbing, by which is meant the connections between the house fixtures and the sewer, for one notable exception was found in a leaking soil pipe connecting ten water-closets on the second floor of the main or brick dormitory with the main sewer. This pipe was not leaking at the time of my visit, for it had been torn out and replaced as soon as the leak was found, but all agree that it was leaking when examined—on the 18th, if I
Object Description
Rating | |
Fixed Title * | NCHH-03: Bulletin of the North Carolina Board of Health [1886-1913] |
Document Title | Bulletin of the North Carolina Board of Health [1886-1913] |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Description | Published: 1886-1913. |
Contributor | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Wilmington, N.C. : Secretary of the Board, 1886-1913. |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1899-1900 |
Identifier | NCHH-03-014 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 14 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-03/nchh-03-014.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-b; nchh-03 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-03-014 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-03 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb1324480 |
Description
Fixed Title * | Page 103 |
Document Title | Bulletin of the North Carolina Board of Health [1886-1913] |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Description | Published: 1886-1913. |
Contributor | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Wilmington, N.C. : Secretary of the Board, 1886-1913. |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1899 |
Identifier | NCHH-03-014-0113 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Page Type | all; report/review; editorial |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Filename | bulletinofnorthc14nort_0113.jp2 |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 14 |
Issue Number | 9 |
Page Number | 103 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Full Text | 103 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. the typhoid fever—its causes. Typhoid fever is essentially a filth disease, the germ of which is known as the bacillus typhosus, a motile, water-borne bacterium, which once introduced into water, or railk,or moist filth reproduces itself with fearful rapidity by fission or splitting in half. The media of transmission of this germ are in the order of their importance water, milk, insects (flies) and air(?j While many high authorities, cliiefly English, believe in the aerial transmission, the weight of opinion is against it. But all agree that in an inimense majority of cases it is conveyed by contaminated water, or milk infected by such water used in adulterating it, or in washing the cans or the udder of the cow, or by the hands of a not over cleanly milker, who either has a "walking" case of the disease himself, or has infected his hands in nursing a case. Bearing these principles in mind, I made a personal inspection of the premises, but found nothing that had not already been discovered by the indefatigable President and his assistants, I will give my observations in the inverse order of their importance. the grounds. Nothing was found that in any way, in my judgment, could have been in the least instrumental in causing typhoid fever. The dairy, cow-barn, horse-stables, and pig-pens were all in good condition. The last named was too far away to have had any eflfect, even if its condition had been bad. the sewerage and plumbing. When the first dormitory (brick) was built in 1892, a sewer-pipe was laid, with which was connected one water-closet, which was kept locked and used only in case of sickness, the bath-tubs, the waste-pipe from the kitchen sink and five down-spouts from the roof. In 1895 a new system of sewers was put in and the old sewer abandoned, as was supposed, except as a drainage pipe for the roof water; but it turns ont that the plumbers, when making a connection for the sink of the new kitchen, made it with this, thinking it was the new sewer, which was of the same size—eight inches. When taken up (as has been done, the trench being disin-fecte.d) this old sewer, wliile very offensive to the nose from the decaying animal and vegetable matter from the kitchen sink, like the old-fashioned dunghill at the back window of many a country kitchen, was said to have been tight and well scoured. It showed, however, one defect which should be mentioned in this discussion, namely, a small opening at the top, due to a bad joint, in the space under the butler's pantry adjacent to the butter-room. The new sewers, as far as examined, were in good condition, except the stoppage of one near the President's house, about 100 yards below the Teague house, by the roots of a tree—an accident which is said to be practically unavoidable. This had been remedied at the time of my visit. the plumbing. « While mended plaster and stains on the wall under lavatories, and bath tubs in some instances indicated defective work at first, these defects had been remedied, and I should say that the interior plumbing was good. I regret to say that the same cannot be said of all the external plumbing, by which is meant the connections between the house fixtures and the sewer, for one notable exception was found in a leaking soil pipe connecting ten water-closets on the second floor of the main or brick dormitory with the main sewer. This pipe was not leaking at the time of my visit, for it had been torn out and replaced as soon as the leak was found, but all agree that it was leaking when examined—on the 18th, if I |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-03/nchh-03-014.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-b; nchh-03 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-03-014 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-03 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb1324480 |
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