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14 The Health BtlIvEtin gravy, and syrup, with little or no milk or lean meat. There is no use to look for pellagra in a person who is in the habit of drinking a lot of milk and of eating meat. CAUSE OF PELLAGRA What is the cause of pellagra? There are three different opinions held by those who have studied the disease. The largest group is made up of those who believe that it is caused by an improper nourishment of the body, or by the improper action of something in the starch and sugar diet when the proteins of milk and lean meat, and the vitamines of green vegetables and fruits, are left out of it. This idea is supported by the fact that the disease is found in people who live on a one-sided diet of bread, grits, rice, gravy, and syrup, and that it improves and often gets well when the diet is balanced by adding milk, lean meat, green vegetables, and fruits to it. A second group believe that the disease is caused by a germ and that it is infectious in nature. The germ has not yet been found. However, it may be found at some future time. The disease of tuberculosis was known and was thought to be infectious for a long time before its germ was found. A third and more recent group believe that pellagra is caused by poisons w^hich are made by a class of germs that grow in the intestines, but only under special conditions, and that the most favorable special condition is a diet rich in starches and sugars and poor in proteins and vitamines. This is reasonable. Tuberculosis is a germ disease and is infectious in nature. But many people who work in hospitals for tuberculosis never have the disease. The people who have tuberculosis are those who reduce their resistance to disease by poor habits of living. So the germs of tuberculosis grow in the body only under special conditions. Pellagra may be infectious likewise, and especially under the condition created in the intestines by an unbalanced diet. There are specialists now working upon the disease, searching for a germ as its cause. But the one fact that all who have studied the disease agree upon is that it occurs in people who live mainly upon a carbohydrate diet that is unbalanced because it does not have the proper proteins in it. The disease has been produced in prisoners by feeding them upon a diet of only biscuits, corn bread, grits, rice, gravy and coffee. And it has been cured by adding milk, lean meat, green vegetables and fruits. Whether the disease is caused by a germ or not, our present knowledge of it makes the diet the most powerful thing that we have for controlling it. By manipulating the diet we can produce the disease or cure it, although future knowledge may show that we are doing it by growing or killing the germs that cause it. People who drink plenty of milk and eat lean meat, green vegetables and fruits do not have pellagra. And those who have it are benefited by adding these foods to their diet more than by anything else. The following is an outline of a bill of fare as an example of a diet which will prevent pellagra. To make it suitable for the treatment of a case that has already developed, substitute more milk, lean meat, meat juice, and eggs. This diet is advised by Dr. Joseph Goldberger, surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., whose study of pellagra has done much to make it a disease that can be controlled: Breakfast. — Sweet milk, daily. Boiled oatmeal with butter or with milk, every other day. Boiled hominy, grits, or mush, with a meat gravy or with milk, every other day. Light bread or biscuit (one-fourth soy-bean meal), with butter, daily. Dinner.—A meat dish (beef stew, hash, or pot roast, ham or shoulder of pork, boiled or roast fowl, broiled or fried fish, or creamed salmon or codfish cakes, etc.), at least every other day. Macaroni with cheese, once a week. Dried beans (boiled cowpeas with or without a little meat, baked or boiled soy-beans with or without a little meat), two or three times a week. Potatoes (Irish or sweet), four or five times a week. Rice, two or three times a week, on days with the meat stew or the beans. Green vegetables (cabbage, collards,
Object Description
Rating | |
Fixed Title * | NCHH-04: The Health Bulletin [1914-1973] |
Document Title | The Health Bulletin [1914-1973] |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Contributor | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Raleigh, North Carolina State Board of Health. |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1923 |
Identifier | NCHH-04-038 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 38 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-04/nchh-04-038.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-b; nchh-04 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-04-038 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-04 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb1296443 |
Description
Fixed Title * | Page 14 |
Document Title | The Health Bulletin [1914-1973] |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Contributor | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Raleigh, North Carolina State Board of Health. |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1923 |
Identifier | NCHH-04-038-0060 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Page Type | all; article |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Filename | healthbulletinse38nort_0060.jp2 |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 38 |
Issue Number | 6 |
Page Number | 14 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Full Text | 14 The Health BtlIvEtin gravy, and syrup, with little or no milk or lean meat. There is no use to look for pellagra in a person who is in the habit of drinking a lot of milk and of eating meat. CAUSE OF PELLAGRA What is the cause of pellagra? There are three different opinions held by those who have studied the disease. The largest group is made up of those who believe that it is caused by an improper nourishment of the body, or by the improper action of something in the starch and sugar diet when the proteins of milk and lean meat, and the vitamines of green vegetables and fruits, are left out of it. This idea is supported by the fact that the disease is found in people who live on a one-sided diet of bread, grits, rice, gravy, and syrup, and that it improves and often gets well when the diet is balanced by adding milk, lean meat, green vegetables, and fruits to it. A second group believe that the disease is caused by a germ and that it is infectious in nature. The germ has not yet been found. However, it may be found at some future time. The disease of tuberculosis was known and was thought to be infectious for a long time before its germ was found. A third and more recent group believe that pellagra is caused by poisons w^hich are made by a class of germs that grow in the intestines, but only under special conditions, and that the most favorable special condition is a diet rich in starches and sugars and poor in proteins and vitamines. This is reasonable. Tuberculosis is a germ disease and is infectious in nature. But many people who work in hospitals for tuberculosis never have the disease. The people who have tuberculosis are those who reduce their resistance to disease by poor habits of living. So the germs of tuberculosis grow in the body only under special conditions. Pellagra may be infectious likewise, and especially under the condition created in the intestines by an unbalanced diet. There are specialists now working upon the disease, searching for a germ as its cause. But the one fact that all who have studied the disease agree upon is that it occurs in people who live mainly upon a carbohydrate diet that is unbalanced because it does not have the proper proteins in it. The disease has been produced in prisoners by feeding them upon a diet of only biscuits, corn bread, grits, rice, gravy and coffee. And it has been cured by adding milk, lean meat, green vegetables and fruits. Whether the disease is caused by a germ or not, our present knowledge of it makes the diet the most powerful thing that we have for controlling it. By manipulating the diet we can produce the disease or cure it, although future knowledge may show that we are doing it by growing or killing the germs that cause it. People who drink plenty of milk and eat lean meat, green vegetables and fruits do not have pellagra. And those who have it are benefited by adding these foods to their diet more than by anything else. The following is an outline of a bill of fare as an example of a diet which will prevent pellagra. To make it suitable for the treatment of a case that has already developed, substitute more milk, lean meat, meat juice, and eggs. This diet is advised by Dr. Joseph Goldberger, surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., whose study of pellagra has done much to make it a disease that can be controlled: Breakfast. — Sweet milk, daily. Boiled oatmeal with butter or with milk, every other day. Boiled hominy, grits, or mush, with a meat gravy or with milk, every other day. Light bread or biscuit (one-fourth soy-bean meal), with butter, daily. Dinner.—A meat dish (beef stew, hash, or pot roast, ham or shoulder of pork, boiled or roast fowl, broiled or fried fish, or creamed salmon or codfish cakes, etc.), at least every other day. Macaroni with cheese, once a week. Dried beans (boiled cowpeas with or without a little meat, baked or boiled soy-beans with or without a little meat), two or three times a week. Potatoes (Irish or sweet), four or five times a week. Rice, two or three times a week, on days with the meat stew or the beans. Green vegetables (cabbage, collards, |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-04/nchh-04-038.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-b; nchh-04 |
Article Title | Pellagra |
Article Author | Mitchell, Roy C. |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-04-038 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-04 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb1296443 |
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