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December, 1948 The Health Bulletin 13 ing not one disease, but a whole family of only slightly related diseases. "We do know already that there are many strains of infantile paralysis virus capable of producing the clinical symptoms. But we don't know how closely related these virus strains are, or, indeed, if they are biologically related at all; and we do not know whether special measures of prevention or treatment are necessary for each individual type. "Until this problem is solved there can be no certain prevention or cure. Through the research studies now going on and through frank and open discussion such as will be possible at the First International Poliomyelitis Conference this and the other polio problems confronting us may be solved." POSSIBLE SOURCES OF POLIO ANALYZED IN JOURNAL ARTICLE Attempts to isolate the poliomyelitis virus from various extrahuman sources in epidemic areas formed the basis of an intensive study of 15,300 individual living specimens by three Michigan investigators, who report their results in the April 24 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association. The investigators, all from the Department of Epidemiology and Virus Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, are Thorns Francis Jr., M.D., Gordon C. Brown, Sc.D., and Lawrence R. Penner, Ph.D. Their investigation was aided by a grant from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Accodring to the report, "the best evidence of the transmission of poliomyelitis at the present time supports a person to person transfer." However, the authors caution, "one may not forget that the evidence was arrived at through processes of elimination rather than by scientifically approved experiments." Stating that outbreaks of the disease are correlated with seasonal influences such as temperature, rainfall and the prevalence of animals and insects, the authors add that "it is difficult, if not impossible, in determining the trans- mission of poliomyelitis, to rule out extra-human factors completely." Their five-year study, in attempting to evaluate possible sources of the poliomyelitis virus, represents attempts to isolate the virus from various materials, research into serums in the hope of detecting antibodies for the virus in animals, and laboratory experiments with insects. The specimens tested included 33 wild mice, 112 wild rats, three muskrats, four cats, one horse, chickens, hogs, and 43 pools of insects, 38 of which were flies. In addition, 24 samples of sewage, two of sludge, one of soil, 10 of water and three of milk were examined. These specimens were collected during poliomyelitis epidemics and usually from areas near the patients afflicted with the disease. Forty-six wild rats from epidemic areas of Buffalo and Detroit, after being examined to determine if they harbored the polio virus, were then tested for neutralizing antibodies. The serum of only one of these rats showed such a virus neutralizing capacity. A mouse-paralyzing agent, which has not yet been identified, was isolated from a pool of wild rats caught in Fort Worth, Texas. Speaking of the attempts to isolate the actual poliomyelitis virus in extra-human sources, the investigators state that "the possibility that some insect plays a role in the transmission of poliomyelitis remains the most likely of all, the extra-human prospects." Of all the specimens tested, they state, only one—a genus of fly called Sarcopaga, taken from rural Tennessee —was shown to convey the poliomyelitis virus. In all other attempts to isolate the virus, the article said, the results were negative. HOSPITAL VISITING—Nearly everyone who has had occasion to be in a hospital either as a patient, a physician or a visitor must realize that the visitors to hospitals create a serious
Object Description
Rating | |
Fixed Title * | NCHH-04: The Health Bulletin [1914-1973] |
Document Title | The Health Bulletin [1914-1973] |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Contributor | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Raleigh, North Carolina State Board of Health. |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1948 |
Identifier | NCHH-04-063 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 63 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-04/nchh-04-063.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-b; nchh-04 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-04-063 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-04 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb1296443 |
Description
Fixed Title * | Page 13 |
Document Title | The Health Bulletin [1914-1973] |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina -- Periodicals. |
Contributor | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Raleigh, North Carolina State Board of Health. |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1948 |
Identifier | NCHH-04-063-0147 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Page Type | all; editorial |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Filename | healthbulletinse63nort_0147.jp2 |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 63 |
Issue Number | 8 |
Page Number | 13 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Full Text | December, 1948 The Health Bulletin 13 ing not one disease, but a whole family of only slightly related diseases. "We do know already that there are many strains of infantile paralysis virus capable of producing the clinical symptoms. But we don't know how closely related these virus strains are, or, indeed, if they are biologically related at all; and we do not know whether special measures of prevention or treatment are necessary for each individual type. "Until this problem is solved there can be no certain prevention or cure. Through the research studies now going on and through frank and open discussion such as will be possible at the First International Poliomyelitis Conference this and the other polio problems confronting us may be solved." POSSIBLE SOURCES OF POLIO ANALYZED IN JOURNAL ARTICLE Attempts to isolate the poliomyelitis virus from various extrahuman sources in epidemic areas formed the basis of an intensive study of 15,300 individual living specimens by three Michigan investigators, who report their results in the April 24 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association. The investigators, all from the Department of Epidemiology and Virus Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, are Thorns Francis Jr., M.D., Gordon C. Brown, Sc.D., and Lawrence R. Penner, Ph.D. Their investigation was aided by a grant from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Accodring to the report, "the best evidence of the transmission of poliomyelitis at the present time supports a person to person transfer." However, the authors caution, "one may not forget that the evidence was arrived at through processes of elimination rather than by scientifically approved experiments." Stating that outbreaks of the disease are correlated with seasonal influences such as temperature, rainfall and the prevalence of animals and insects, the authors add that "it is difficult, if not impossible, in determining the trans- mission of poliomyelitis, to rule out extra-human factors completely." Their five-year study, in attempting to evaluate possible sources of the poliomyelitis virus, represents attempts to isolate the virus from various materials, research into serums in the hope of detecting antibodies for the virus in animals, and laboratory experiments with insects. The specimens tested included 33 wild mice, 112 wild rats, three muskrats, four cats, one horse, chickens, hogs, and 43 pools of insects, 38 of which were flies. In addition, 24 samples of sewage, two of sludge, one of soil, 10 of water and three of milk were examined. These specimens were collected during poliomyelitis epidemics and usually from areas near the patients afflicted with the disease. Forty-six wild rats from epidemic areas of Buffalo and Detroit, after being examined to determine if they harbored the polio virus, were then tested for neutralizing antibodies. The serum of only one of these rats showed such a virus neutralizing capacity. A mouse-paralyzing agent, which has not yet been identified, was isolated from a pool of wild rats caught in Fort Worth, Texas. Speaking of the attempts to isolate the actual poliomyelitis virus in extra-human sources, the investigators state that "the possibility that some insect plays a role in the transmission of poliomyelitis remains the most likely of all, the extra-human prospects." Of all the specimens tested, they state, only one—a genus of fly called Sarcopaga, taken from rural Tennessee —was shown to convey the poliomyelitis virus. In all other attempts to isolate the virus, the article said, the results were negative. HOSPITAL VISITING—Nearly everyone who has had occasion to be in a hospital either as a patient, a physician or a visitor must realize that the visitors to hospitals create a serious |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-04/nchh-04-063.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-b; nchh-04 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-04-063 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-04 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb1296443 |
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