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122 iSrORTH CAROLIJN^A BOARD OF HEALTH per thousand. Such a rate compares favorably with that of many parts of the United States." the death rate. For the year of 1912 for the Canal Zone, including the cities of Panama and Colon, was 20.49; the death rate for the population of the Canal Zone (79,279), excluding the cities of Panama and Colon, for 1912, was 14.24; the death rate among the 50,893 employees in the Canal Zone was 9.18, for 1912. The principal causes of death among the employees and civil population of the Canal Zone, based on a study of the death rates for the last five years, are violence, diarrheal diseases under two years of age, malaria, and tuberculosis. If we exclude the civil population and consider only the employees we find that practically one-third of their deaths are due to violence, with no unusual amount of homicidal or suicidal deaths. The infantile death rate, which has for the last three years run about 75 per 100,000 of the population, as compared with the infantile death rate of the registration area of the United States, 100 per 100,000, in view of the relatively small infant population is very high. The malarial death rate runs about 55 per 100,000 of the population, and is decreasing from year to year. There are several points of interest in studying the health situation in Panama and Colon: In the first place it is interesting to know that the high death rate of these two cities is due to the same factors responsible for the high death rate in North Carolina, namely, tuberculosis and diarrheal diseases of children under two years of age. I may mention here the interesting fact that in the city of Panama, with a population of 47,000, there is not a single privy, and but four cess pools. Right here, too, is the place to set down the kindred fact that for the last five years the city of Panama has not averaged more than four deaths per year from typhoid fever. In the city of Panama they have a rigidly enforced law requiring that every building shall have a water-closet, a sink, and a bath-tub. The public water mains and sewer pipes traverse the entire city, and all houses are connected with the public water supply and sewer system. housing. There seems to be a distinctive type of dwelling evolving in the Canal Zone especially suitable to the tropics. The houses built by Americans and under American supervision avoid gutters. Where a visitor sees an old house with gutters he may be sure that the gutters are punctured and do not hold water. The water drops directly from the eaves of the house to- the ground, and around the more expensive dwellings into a shallow wide concrete basin. Another important phase of the building problem is thorough screening. The point is made by the sanitary authorities that a poorly screened house is probably worse than no screening at all, as such a house tends to admit mosquitoes and then prevents their leaving—acts as a mosquito trap. Of course, there are no fireplaces in the houses. All houses now constructed in the city of Panama, and I think in Colon, are required to be rat-proof so as to prevent the entrance and spread of plague. The rat-proof house is either built high off the ground, on stilts, and the sills and floor so constructed as to prevent the entrance of rats between the walls, or, if the house is built on the ground, as in the business part of the town, the
Object Description
Rating | |
Fixed Title * | NCHH-02: Biennial Report of the North Carolina State Board of Health [1909-1972] |
Document Title | Biennial Report of the North Carolina State Board of Health [1909-1972] |
Subject Name | North Carolina. State Board of Health -- Statistics -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Statistics -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina. |
Description | Publication began with the 13th (1909/1910); ceased with the 44th (1970/1972) |
Creator | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Raleigh : The Board, 1911- |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1913-1914 |
Identifier | NCHH-02-015 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 15 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-02/nchh-02-015.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-a; nchh-02 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-02-015 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-02 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb2375275 |
Description
Fixed Title * | Page 122 |
Document Title | Biennial Report of the North Carolina State Board of Health [1909-1972] |
Subject Name | North Carolina. State Board of Health -- Statistics -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Statistics -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina. |
Description | Publication began with the 13th (1909/1910); ceased with the 44th (1970/1972) |
Creator | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Raleigh : The Board, 1911- |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1913-1914 |
Identifier | NCHH-02-015-0126 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Page Type | all; report/review |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Filename | biennialreportof15nort_0126.jp2 |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 15 |
Page Number | 122 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Full Text | 122 iSrORTH CAROLIJN^A BOARD OF HEALTH per thousand. Such a rate compares favorably with that of many parts of the United States." the death rate. For the year of 1912 for the Canal Zone, including the cities of Panama and Colon, was 20.49; the death rate for the population of the Canal Zone (79,279), excluding the cities of Panama and Colon, for 1912, was 14.24; the death rate among the 50,893 employees in the Canal Zone was 9.18, for 1912. The principal causes of death among the employees and civil population of the Canal Zone, based on a study of the death rates for the last five years, are violence, diarrheal diseases under two years of age, malaria, and tuberculosis. If we exclude the civil population and consider only the employees we find that practically one-third of their deaths are due to violence, with no unusual amount of homicidal or suicidal deaths. The infantile death rate, which has for the last three years run about 75 per 100,000 of the population, as compared with the infantile death rate of the registration area of the United States, 100 per 100,000, in view of the relatively small infant population is very high. The malarial death rate runs about 55 per 100,000 of the population, and is decreasing from year to year. There are several points of interest in studying the health situation in Panama and Colon: In the first place it is interesting to know that the high death rate of these two cities is due to the same factors responsible for the high death rate in North Carolina, namely, tuberculosis and diarrheal diseases of children under two years of age. I may mention here the interesting fact that in the city of Panama, with a population of 47,000, there is not a single privy, and but four cess pools. Right here, too, is the place to set down the kindred fact that for the last five years the city of Panama has not averaged more than four deaths per year from typhoid fever. In the city of Panama they have a rigidly enforced law requiring that every building shall have a water-closet, a sink, and a bath-tub. The public water mains and sewer pipes traverse the entire city, and all houses are connected with the public water supply and sewer system. housing. There seems to be a distinctive type of dwelling evolving in the Canal Zone especially suitable to the tropics. The houses built by Americans and under American supervision avoid gutters. Where a visitor sees an old house with gutters he may be sure that the gutters are punctured and do not hold water. The water drops directly from the eaves of the house to- the ground, and around the more expensive dwellings into a shallow wide concrete basin. Another important phase of the building problem is thorough screening. The point is made by the sanitary authorities that a poorly screened house is probably worse than no screening at all, as such a house tends to admit mosquitoes and then prevents their leaving—acts as a mosquito trap. Of course, there are no fireplaces in the houses. All houses now constructed in the city of Panama, and I think in Colon, are required to be rat-proof so as to prevent the entrance and spread of plague. The rat-proof house is either built high off the ground, on stilts, and the sills and floor so constructed as to prevent the entrance of rats between the walls, or, if the house is built on the ground, as in the business part of the town, the |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-02/nchh-02-015.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-a; nchh-02 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-02-015 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-02 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb2375275 |
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