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Development of Public Health Work PUBLIC HEALTH WOEK IX GENERAL Prior to the seventeenth century our study and our knowledge of disease was confined to the manifestations of symptoms of disease, and the treatment of disease was purely empirical, and not rational. There was little known about the causes of disease and how to prevent disease. The light began to break in 1683, when Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, a lens polisher, discovered germs in spittle. This discovery of van Leeuwenhoek was confirmed by others, but little progress was made in associating germs with diseases for nearly a century afterwards. At this time, that is, along in the eighteenth century, the relation of the germs discovered by van Leeuwenhoek to disease began to be considered. One set of students took the position that the germs found in putrefying matter or fermenting fluids or the diseased bodies were not the cause of decomposition or fermentation or disease, but the effect; the other set of students took the position that the germs were the cause of decomposition, fermentation, and disease. The debate on this interesting question occupied the best scientific minds for a century, and was not finally settled until Pasteur and Tyndall, in the nineteenth century, between 1860 and 1880, performed certain conclusive experiments, showing that these lower forms of life were causes and not consequences of disease. The essential features of this long-continued and interesting scientific debate can be found in any well known text-book on bacteriology, and the evidence in its details upon which the scientific world came to its verdict of germs as the cause of disease will not be rehearsed here. Suffice to say, in passing, that the actual and convincing results of prevention during the last thirty or forty years have been accomplished by proceeding upon this scientific principle of germs as the cause and not the consequence of disease; and the proof of the pudding is in the eating. Little headway in the association of specific germs with diseases was made until well into the nineteenth century. In 1863 Devane proved that anthrax in sheep was due to a specific germ. In 1873 Obermeier discovered the cause of relapsing fever. In the early seventies septic infections or blood poison and the suppuration of wounds was practically demonstrated to be due to germs. Lord Lister's basic, discovery in antiseptic surgery naturally followed, and the science of surgery as we know it today was born at about this time, 1875. In 1879 the germ causing leprosy was discovered and, in the same year, Neisser discovered the germ causing gonorrhea. In 1880 the typhoid fever germ, the pneumonia germ, and the germ causing chicken cholera were discovered; and in the same year Laveran discovered the germ causing malaria. In 1882 Koch discovered the germ of tuberculosis, and Loeffler and Shutz discovered the germ of glanders. In 1884 Koch discovered the germ of Asiatic cholera and Loeffler the germ of diphtheria and Nicolaier
Object Description
Rating | |
Fixed Title * | NCHH-02: Biennial Report of the North Carolina State Board of Health [1909-1972] |
Document Title | Biennial Report of the North Carolina State Board of Health [1909-1972] |
Subject Name | North Carolina. State Board of Health -- Statistics -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Statistics -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina. |
Description | Publication began with the 13th (1909/1910); ceased with the 44th (1970/1972) |
Creator | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Raleigh : The Board, 1911- |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1919-1920 |
Identifier | NCHH-02-018 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 18 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-02/nchh-02-018.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-a; nchh-02 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-02-018 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-02 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb2375275 |
Description
Fixed Title * | Page 7 |
Document Title | Biennial Report of the North Carolina State Board of Health [1909-1972] |
Subject Name | North Carolina. State Board of Health -- Statistics -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical | Public health -- North Carolina -- Statistics -- Periodicals. |
Subject Topical Other | Public Health -- North Carolina. |
Description | Publication began with the 13th (1909/1910); ceased with the 44th (1970/1972) |
Creator | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Publisher | Raleigh : The Board, 1911- |
Repository | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library. |
Host | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Date | 1919-1920 |
Identifier | NCHH-02-018-0013 |
Form General | Periodicals |
Page Type | all; organizational news |
Language | English |
Rights | This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. |
Filename | biennialreportof18nort_0013.jp2 |
Digital Collection | North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection |
Sponsor | The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). |
Volume Number | 18 |
Page Number | 7 |
Health Discipline | Public Health |
Full Text | Development of Public Health Work PUBLIC HEALTH WOEK IX GENERAL Prior to the seventeenth century our study and our knowledge of disease was confined to the manifestations of symptoms of disease, and the treatment of disease was purely empirical, and not rational. There was little known about the causes of disease and how to prevent disease. The light began to break in 1683, when Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, a lens polisher, discovered germs in spittle. This discovery of van Leeuwenhoek was confirmed by others, but little progress was made in associating germs with diseases for nearly a century afterwards. At this time, that is, along in the eighteenth century, the relation of the germs discovered by van Leeuwenhoek to disease began to be considered. One set of students took the position that the germs found in putrefying matter or fermenting fluids or the diseased bodies were not the cause of decomposition or fermentation or disease, but the effect; the other set of students took the position that the germs were the cause of decomposition, fermentation, and disease. The debate on this interesting question occupied the best scientific minds for a century, and was not finally settled until Pasteur and Tyndall, in the nineteenth century, between 1860 and 1880, performed certain conclusive experiments, showing that these lower forms of life were causes and not consequences of disease. The essential features of this long-continued and interesting scientific debate can be found in any well known text-book on bacteriology, and the evidence in its details upon which the scientific world came to its verdict of germs as the cause of disease will not be rehearsed here. Suffice to say, in passing, that the actual and convincing results of prevention during the last thirty or forty years have been accomplished by proceeding upon this scientific principle of germs as the cause and not the consequence of disease; and the proof of the pudding is in the eating. Little headway in the association of specific germs with diseases was made until well into the nineteenth century. In 1863 Devane proved that anthrax in sheep was due to a specific germ. In 1873 Obermeier discovered the cause of relapsing fever. In the early seventies septic infections or blood poison and the suppuration of wounds was practically demonstrated to be due to germs. Lord Lister's basic, discovery in antiseptic surgery naturally followed, and the science of surgery as we know it today was born at about this time, 1875. In 1879 the germ causing leprosy was discovered and, in the same year, Neisser discovered the germ causing gonorrhea. In 1880 the typhoid fever germ, the pneumonia germ, and the germ causing chicken cholera were discovered; and in the same year Laveran discovered the germ causing malaria. In 1882 Koch discovered the germ of tuberculosis, and Loeffler and Shutz discovered the germ of glanders. In 1884 Koch discovered the germ of Asiatic cholera and Loeffler the germ of diphtheria and Nicolaier |
Digital Format | JPEG 2000 |
Print / Download PDF Version | http://archives.hsl.unc.edu/nchh/nchh-02/nchh-02-018.pdf |
Document Sort | all; group-a; nchh-02 |
Volume Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/identi/searchterm/NCHH-02-018 |
Title Link | http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/search/collection/nchh/field/documa/searchterm/NCHH-02 |
Catalog Record link | http://search.lib.unc.edu/search?R=UNCb2375275 |
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